Fuel Used in Kitchens
Fuel. LPG:
LPG or liquefied petroleum gas is the generic name for commercial propane and butane composed fuel used in the kitchen to fuel gas burners. This gas is supplied in industrial cylinders or in bulk storage tanks at the hotel premises. It is supplied to the hotel kitchen through pipelines.
The LPG cylinders are stored in a separate place, usually known as. ‘Gas bank’ and are usually operated by a department in the hotel called ‘kitchen stewarding’. Amount of gas cylinders used in the gas bank depends on the types of operations they are used for.
A large hotel may have more than 100 cylinders. Half of these would be installed to supply gas whereas half would always be a backup. A certain gas pressure is maintained by the stewarding department as certain ranges require high pressure for cooking. LPG is liquefied under pressure and converts into gas when the pressure is released.
It is almost smokeless and easy to handle. LPG should be handled with utmost care as being a transparent gas its leakage is not easily detectable and it is also highly combustible.
There are certain government regulations regarding the usage of LPG. For example, LPG cannot be used in basement kitchens or below the sea level and hence, in those kinds of conditions one has to rely on electricity or steam- operated equipment.
ü Usage:It is one of the most essential fuels used in the hotel kitchen and is known for its efficiency. It is used as a fuel for cooking ranges, ovens, and salamanders. Some Tandoor used in Indian cooking is also fired by LPG.
Q. What are the
advantages of LPG fuel?
A. Clean Burning, High energy value & gives good flame control, Easy to store and No spillage. No soot, burners have longer life, hence maintenance is low. Environmental friendly fuel, with minimum sulphur contents & sulphur free emissions.
Fuel. CNG:
Compressed natural gas is slowly gaining popularity for its fuel efficiency and environment-friendly properties.
ü Usage: It is used in eco-friendly hotels as fuel in many types of equipment such as ovens, gas ranges, etc.
Which gas is
used in CNG?
CNG, also known as compressed natural gas, is an
eco-friendly alternative to gasoline. Made by compressing natural gas (methane)
down to less than 1% of its volume, CNG fuel is safer than gasoline
and diesel because it is non-toxic and does not contaminate ground water.
Kerosene: It is also a petroleum product used in commercial kitchens for cooking. The liquid fuels produce heat almost instantly. The initial cost can be high. They are convenient to use but risky if proper safety precautions are not followed while handling these fuels.
Fuel. Coal:
Though it is a very crude form of fuel to be used in a modern kitchen, it is still very popular. The smoky flavor which the charcoal imparts is much desired. Coal should always be stored away from food area, ideally in a cool, dark room away from any moisture. Usually separate areas are built near the receiving area for coal storage as coal is combustible and messy.
ü Usage: Coal is used in a hotel kitchen to light Tandoor and grills for barbecue. The coal used in the hotels is wood charcoal only.
Q.
What are 3 advantages of coal?
A.
It is available in an abundant supply.
It has a high load factor.
Coal offers a rather low capital
investment.
Carbon capture and storage technologies can
reduce potential emissions. ...
It can be converted into different formats.
Coal can be used with renewable to
reduce emissions.
A. Coal is classified into four main types, or ranks: Anthracite, Bituminous, Subbituminous, and Lignite.
Q.
Which type of coal is best?
A. Anthracite is best quality coal. It burns slowly and generates great heat, with very little smoke. Its carbon content is 80 to 95 per cent. Only 5 % of the world's coal output is constituted of anthracite.
Q.
What is the cleanest coal?
A. The ranks of coal (from most to least carbon content) are as follows: anthracite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite. The coal with the highest carbon content is the best and cleanest type of coal to use.
Fuel. Wood:
One would have come across wood-fired pizza ovens in the modern restaurants today. Gaining popularity of pizzas has led to the origin of this oven which lends an aesthetic appearance to the restaurant, where chefs prepare pizzas in front of the guests. Though-it is also operated by LPG, few logs of wood are placed inside to impart a smoky flavor to the pizzas.
ü Usage: It is used as a fuel for wood-fired pizza ovens. The pizza ovens have LPG fire but wood is also kept inside to impart a smoky flavor to the food.
Q. Why is wood not
a good fuel?
Because combustion of dry wood results into large amount of smoke which contains carbon dioxide and thus leads to air pollution and global warming. Dry wood produce more amount of smoke and its calorific value is less than LPG or any other fuels which we use as domestic fuel.
Fuel. Electricity:
Electricity is also used as fuel to operate many types of equipment. Care should be taken while ordering such equipment as many countries operate on certain volts. In India equipment works on 220 volts, whereas in the USA equipment works on 110 volts. So care should be taken while importing equipment.
Some of the heavy duty equipment use three-phase electric current and some use only single phase. So it is important that the instructions are read before installing the new machinery.
ü Usage: Electricity is generally used to operate most of the equipment in the hotel kitchen. It is popular in the hotel kitchens because it is easy to control electrical equipment.
Q. What are the other types of electricity sources?
A. Wind Energy. Geothermal Energy, Hydrogen Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave Energy and Biomass Energy.
- Static Electricity. Static Electricity is nothing but the contact between equal amount of protons and electrons (positively and negatively charged subatomic particles). ...
- Current Electricity. Current Electricity is a flow of electric charge across an electrical field.
- Hydro Electricity.
- Solar Electricity.
Fuel. Steam:
Most of the hotels produce steam, which is used to cook or operate equipment. Steam is supplied to the hotel kitchen through insulated pipes.
ü Usage: Steam is used in equipment such as dishwashers and steam jacket kettles.
Q. What
are the uses of steam?
Here are some
typical applications for steam in industry:
·
Heating/Sterilization.
·
Propulsion/Drive.
·
Motive.
·
Atomization.
·
Cleaning.
·
Moisturization.
·
Humidification.
Fuel. Solid Fuel/ Handy Fuel:
This fuel is made from petroleum jelly and comes in small tins. These are mostly used in F&B service areas.
ü Usage: This type of fuel is hardly used in hotel kitchens but is very commonly used in F&B service, where it is used in heating up food in the chafing dishes used commonly in banquets.
Fuel. Solar Energy:
The heat from the sun is used as a fuel. This is not a very commonly used fuel in the kitchens, but many eco- friendly hotels have solar cookers that are used in cooking.
ü Usage: Solar cookers utilize solar energy to cook food.
Q. How
does solar fuel work?
A. Solar
fuels technologies use sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen from
the air to produce fuels. Solar fuels are sustainable and
produce no net emissions of carbon dioxide. We could make a fuel –
hydrogen gas – from sunlight simply by pumping electricity from solar panels
into water.
Q. What type of
fuel produces solar energy?
A. The most
commonly considered example of solar fuel is hydrogen, which can
be produced from water (H2O). Essentially, you're
splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. You're keeping the hydrogen as
the fuel that can be used in a hydrogen fuel cell car.
What are the 2 main disadvantages of solar
energy?
Cost. The initial cost of purchasing a solar system
is fairly high.
Weather-Dependent. Although solar energy can still
be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system
drops.
Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive.
Uses a Lot of Space. Associated with Pollution.
v Point to be consider while purchasing equipment
• Durability
• Appearance‘
• Noise
• Easy to handle
• Weight
• Energy
• Maintenance
• Capacity
• Standard
• Cost
Shaping of kitchen
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